{"product_id":"9781546749592","title":"Mutual Aid - 9781546749592","description":"Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 essay collection by Russian anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin. The essays, initially published in the English periodical The Nineteenth Century between 1890 and 1896, explore the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or \"mutual aid\") in the animal kingdom and human societies both past and present. It is an argument against the competition-centred theories of so-called social Darwinism, as well as the romantic depictions of cooperation presented by writers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued it was motivated by universal love rather than self-interest. Mutual Aid is considered a fundamental text in anarchist communism, presenting a scientific basis for communism alternative to the historical materialism of the Marxists. Many biologists also consider it an important catalyst in the scientific study of cooperation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e• \u003cb\u003eAuthor: \u003c\/b\u003eP. Kropotkin, Andrea Gouveia\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e• \u003cb\u003ePublisher: \u003c\/b\u003eCreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e• \u003cb\u003ePublication Date: \u003c\/b\u003eMay 17, 2017\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e• \u003cb\u003eNumber of Pages: \u003c\/b\u003e150 pages\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e• \u003cb\u003eLanguage: \u003c\/b\u003eEnglish\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e• \u003cb\u003eBinding: \u003c\/b\u003ePaperback\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e• \u003cb\u003eISBN-10: \u003c\/b\u003e1546749594\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e• \u003cb\u003eISBN-13: \u003c\/b\u003e9781546749592\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50364346958129,"sku":"9781546749592","price":13.13,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0798\/8215\/8385\/files\/9781546749592__59806.jpg?v=1732438592","url":"https:\/\/www.recomparo.com\/products\/9781546749592","provider":"ReComparo.com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}